Scott Brunger office (865) 981-8262

Associate Professor of Economics FAX (865) 981-8010

Maryville College

Maryville, TN 37804

EDUCATION

Yale University, B.A.

New School for Social Research, Ph.D.

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Economics of U.S. Churches

with Charles Zech Plain Speaking about Presbyterian Giving

(forthcoming)

"Denomination Financial Contributions as Indicators of Social

Class" paper at Society for the Scientific Study of Religion and

Religious Research Association, Nov.5, 1994 in Albuquerque, NM.

"Egypt" in Joanna Gajardo & Jacqueline Skiles (eds.) The Middle

East through the Eyes of Women Worldwide Ministries Division,

PCUSA, 1994, pp.21-24

"Viewing Poverty in an Affluent Society, Social and Economic

Differences Between 1950 and 1990: Implications for the Future" in

Presbyterian Committee on the Self-Development of People A Journey

to Justice PCUSA, 1993.

"A Financial History of the United Presbyterian Church 1923-83"

and "Global and Local Mission: Allocation of Northern Presbyterian

Giving 1923-82" The Organizational Revolution: Presbyterians and American Denominationalism published by Westminster/John Knox Press in Spring

1992. Study directed by Louisville Presbyterian Theological

Seminary on "The Presbyterian Presence in the Twentieth Century"

and sponsored by the Lilly Foundation.

"Impact of Peacemaking in the Third World" presentation at the

Presbyterian College Conference on "Peacemaking: the College's

Responsibility," 1984.

African Studies

with Earl Smith The African Connection: Arts and Crafts in West

Africa Interactive CD-ROM in IBM and Macintosh format (forthcoming)

"Survey of Small and Medium Business in Togo, West Africa using the

Kirton Adaptor-Innovator Scale" paper at the International Council

for Small Business in San Francisco, CA June 22-24, 1997 and at the

African Studies Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, Nov. 24

1996.

A Trade in Death: An Economics Mystery NY, NY: Friendship Press,

1994. Simulation game on the African Debt Crisis p.177.

"A Dilemma for Third World Development Strategies" and "Public

Choice and Trade Policy" in Ralph Burns and Gerald Stone (eds.)

Great Ideas for Teaching Economics Scott, Foresman and Company,

third edition, 1987.

"International Applications of T.V.A." World Academy of Development

and Cooperation Monograph Series, September 12, l986.

"Africa and International Trade" article for Update: Newsletter of

the Outreach Services of the African, Asian, Latin American and

Russian Studies Centers University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,

March, 1986.

"Building Alliances in Africa" in Kathleen Todd (ed.) Crossing

Boundaries: Stories from the Frontier Internship in Mission

Programme Geneva, Switzerland: World Council of Churches, 1985.

The Development of the Internal Market in Algeria, Nigeria and the

Ivory Coast Ph.D. Dissertation, New School for Social Research,

1983.

Japanese Autoparts Investments

Scott Brunger and Young-Bae Kim (editors) Effects of Japanese

Investment in a Small American Community: Impact of Autoparts in

East Tennessee Commack:NY, Nova Science Publishers, 1997. (link to excerpt)

paper with Sakiko Ono on "Effects of International Money on

Inflation: A Critique of McKinnon" at Eastern Economic Association,

March 28, 1991, New York City

OTHER EMPLOYMENT

Presbyterian Church in the U.S. A., volunteer frontier intern in

mission program, 1968-71 in Republic of Benin, West Africa.

Methodist Church of Benin and Togo, director of the Centre Chretien

d'Accueil et de Formation (Christian Conference and Laytraining

Center) in Porto-Novo, Benin 1972-74.

CONSULTING ASSIGNMENTS

Consulted for African Y.M.C.A.s and the Freedom From Hunger

Foundation of Davis, California in Ghana and Kenya (July and August

1990).

Three-Year Evaluation of YMCA Development Projects in Senegal, the

Gambia, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia, spring 1989.

Economic Development Study for the Tennessee Valley Energy

Coalition, Spring 1984.

excerpt from link to Brunger and Kim

Effects of Japanese Investment in a Small American Community:

A Case Study of Autoparts in East Tennessee

by Scott Brunger and Young-Bae Kim

In this book the first study, "Japanese Management Practices

in an Autoparts Plant," shows how fundamental Japanese management

practices have been adapted for American workers. In America

recruitment sources no longer come from favored Japanese high

schools and universities. Training has to be individually tailored

because American workers lack a standardized background. Women

also have a higher status in the U.S. workforce than in Japan, so

the management must promote them just like men. Consensus

management causes frustration for Americans who do not understand

Japanese cultural nuances. Seniority promotion is not valued in

American culture, nor is the commitment necessary for lifetime

employment. The author worked in the plant for two years and

experienced the stress of adapting Japanese management practices

because she had to translate the arguments. In order to acquire

the expertise necessary for her position, she has enrolled in an

MBA program at Tennessee Technological Univerity.

The second study focusses on a specific problem of "Managing

Reduction of Cumulative Trauma Injuries in a Joint Venture." Using

the same machinery and work norms in plants in America and in

Japan, the American workers suffered from repetitive motion

disorders while the Japanese did not. Redesign of equipment,

rotation of employees on each machine, more rigorous

standardization of the work, and stretching exercises during breaks

all help reduce the incidence of cumulative trauma. The firm

instituted behavior based safety processes so that quality circles

evaluate not only their production but also their work safety.

However, differences remain between medical problems of American

employees and those of employees in Japan operating the same

equipment. These residual differences may be attributed to

cultural attitudes toward work--where Japanese attempt to attain

harmony with the machinery, American drive themselves to force the

machinery and thus injure themselves. As Human Relations Manager

at the plant, the author has been intimately related to problems of

worker safety since the design of the plant.

The third study is on the community environment for the

Japanese autoplants. Based on a random survey of households, this

study measures attitudes of a small American community toward

Japanese investment. It finds higher socioeconomic attributes such

as income, education, and foreign travel are positively related to

acceptance of a Japanese firm. Age and female gender are

negatively related to acceptance of a Japanese firm. Hope of

finding a job at the firm is positively related to acceptance of a

Japanese firm. Respondents have a more positive attitude toward

foreign investment in their own community than toward foreign

investment in the U.S., but they have a less positive attitude

toward Japanese investment than foreign investment in general.

Both authors teach at Maryville College, a Presbyterian liberal

arts college with strong ties to Japan for the past century. The

College helped bring the plant by offering English Language Studies

and a Japanese Saturday School for children of employees.

The final study discusses "Culture Shock among Japanese

Businessmen's Wives." The author, who taught English as a second

language, developed a questionnaire which she administered to

thirty-five wives of Japanese managers. She discovered that

younger women adjust more easily but have more burdens of childcare

so the stress in their lives is not comparable to that of older

women. Culture shock among wives does not vary with time spent in

the United States, as it does among Japanese students. Preparation

before travel and English language studies diminish culture shock.

The author concludes that culture shock is not prevalent among

Japanese wives, partly because the company maintains a very

structured hierarchy among wives as in Japan so in that sense the

women never leave home. Today the author continues her interest in

culture shock by working for a public relations firm in Tokyo that

represents international companies.

excerpt from

A Trade in Death: An Economics Murder Mystery in Africa

by Scott Brunger

$7.95 order from Friendship Press (513) 948-8733

or Amazon.com or Maryville College Book Store (423) 981-8080

CHAPTER I

"Big Ones and Little Ones"

The rising sun revealed a man lying languidly on a sand dune

in front of the Grand Hotel. He wore an African shirt and swim

trunks. His beach towel was wrapped over him. Sand flies moved

away from him as the towel flapped in the ocean breeze. His head

was turned away from the sun and from the hotel. Tourists on the

beach did not see that he was dead.

On the night flight from London, Benjamin Mchunguzi Maluum,

Ph.D., stretched his tired legs as the cabin crew prepared to

serve breakfast. Light blazed in as the passenger in front of

him lifted a shade to look out. Adjusting his eyes, Ben could

see thick clouds ahead and green forest on the ground. The view

indicated that the Air Miseria Boeing 707 had traversed the

Sahara Desert.

His seat mates, a father and son from Miseria, returned from

the toilet and squeezed around many packages into their seats.

The father looked at him. "Dr. Chunguzi."

Ben realized that Miserians did not speak Swahili, as he

did, or another Bantu language that used the prefix "Um" before

the name "Mchunguzi." However, they shared the tradition of

stating the family name first before his given name "Maluum."

"Did you awaken well?" the father asked, translating into

Spanish a traditional morning greeting.

"I awakened well, because I am home in Africa," replied Ben

with a smile. "But I do not sleep well in flight any more."

"Perhaps Kenya Airways has better planes?" suggested the old

man challenging him.

Although it did have better planes for its European flights,

Ben preferred to be diplomatic. "When I was twenty years

younger, like your son, I thought all planes were comfortable

compared to the old buses in our town." They all smiled. "Now I

cannot sleep comfortably on any of them. Did you both awaken

well?"

"Yes, well. Thank God," the large sixty-year-old replied

sincerely, unaware that his intermittent snores had interrupted

Ben throughout the night.

The son waited his turn and then answered politely, "Yes,

well." He looked "well" in his tailored European suit as he

tightened his tie self=consciously.

The father asked, "Are you staying at the new American

hotel?"

"I prefer African-owned hotels, so the management fees and

profits stay to develop the local economy," answered Ben, eyeing

the many packages they were bringing back.

"Oh, yes," the father half-heartedly agreed. "But we are

bringing these back for our business, Santiago Import-Export. We

had to go to Spain for the funeral of my son's adopted father, so

now we are bringing back goods to pay for the trip."

"Who was your son's adopted father?"

"Old man Santiago. He needed to transfer majority ownership

of his business to a Miserian twenty years ago before the

government nationalized foreign owned businesses. He adopted my

baby, so the child would own the business while under his

guardianship. That way he could control under family law what he

could no longer own under commercial law."

Surprised, Ben asked, "So you gave him your son to help

him?"

They both grinned shrewdly. The father went on. "No, I

remained as Santiago's employee and took care of the boy. When

he became twenty=one, my boy took over the business and Santiago

retired. Now we have buried him in his homeland, and we have the

business."

Ben looked hard. "Is it not your son's business?"

The father declared triumphantly, "We are Africans, are we

not? My son's business is my business!"

"What kind of goods do you sell?" ventured Ben, knowing that

continental businessmen were often reticent about their trade.

"We bring mostly electronic stereos, VCRs, and cameras.

They are safer carried with us by air," the father replied

candidly.

"How about typewriters and calculators for business?"

"We get them through the port."

"But they are electronic too. Why do they come by ship?"

"The customs is less for business products, and the Miserian

Port officials do not steal them like consumer products."

"I see. How much is customs duty on a VCR and videocamera?"

"One hundred percent duty, payable in foreign currency."

Ben worried. "I am organizing a conference of economists in

Miseria and brought electronic equipment to videotape the

speeches. Will I have to pay duty on it?"

"Yes. Is it new?"

"It is still under the one-year warranty."

"That doesn't matter. Is it a good brand?"

"Japanese."

"I will buy it from you. You can use it during the

conference. Then I will sell it to someone else," the old man

said eagerly.

Ben wavered. "I expect a representative from the National

University will help clear the equipment through customs. If

necessary our World Economics Association will contribute it to

them, so it will belong to a government institution."

"I will give you the price you paid for it."

"No. My employer bought it. I do not have the right to

sell it to you."

"But you would give it to them?"

"Their university is a member of our association."