ENV 101
9 March
Chemistry – Environmental Health and
Agriculture
Administrative
- Oral Presentation Today
- Remember the Poster Boards are do just after
Spring Break
- Two speakers on campus
Our themes
|
ETHICS and THE ARTS |
THE NATURAL SCIENCES |
THE SOCIAL SCIENCES |
The ES Test’s Themes
|
STEWARDSHIP |
SOUND SCIENCE |
SUSTAINABILITY |
|
PPM and PPBs Epidemiology Toxicology LD50, LC%0 and Threshold Levl |
DALY – Reduced the Risk and the Dose Makes the
Poison |
Who chooses One, Nation, World, or
Planet/Ecosystem? Risk – CBA and RBA |
CDC, WHO and other parts of the World in
Action Medecin San Frontiere |
Responding to Hazards and Dealing with Risk
The NATURAL (SOUND) SCIENCES
Environmental Hazards
§
Cultural – Obeisity –
Driving with Nile!! J
§
Biological – bacteria
and viruses small and smallest
§
Physical – Katrina and
Banda Aceh
§
Chemical – Today’s
reading in Listening to Earth – Anniston, AL
THERE IS ALWAYS RISK and ALWAYS NATURAL OCCURRING HAZARDS to humans and all species
Some Keys
§
Hazards and ppm or ppb (higher
usually is not good- or rapid changes in ppm/ppb ratios.
§
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Ppm.html
- http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/D/Dioxin.html
- Also trying to understand (and improve through reducing) the DALY’s
- DALY – Disability Adjusted Life Year – represents the loss of one healthy year of a person’s life.
YLDs = Years Lived with Disability
DALYs = Disability Adjusted Life Years
The sum of years of potential life lost due to premature
mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability.
-
- adf
TAKE ONE
Biological – the impact of biology on human health
WATER
WHAT IMPACTS WATER QUALITY?
Dealing with natural or cultural aquatic eutrophication
(MISSISSIPPI v. LONDON)
Light
Oxygen (DO)
<2ppm Hypoxia……………………. DO=0 then anoxia
Biological Oxygen Demand
(BOD)
Turbidity
- Above 1.0 NTU (nephelometric turbidity
units)
Nutrients and Limiting
Nutrients
Limiters
– Phosphorous in Fresh
& Nitrogen in Marine
Salinity
Natural Impacts
Cultural (Human) Impacts
DO
and BOD link – Water needs oxygen
(Not water, organisms in water)
O2 gas dissolving into
water=Dissolved Oxygen
A Good Range – (Control) 8-14 or 7-11 milligrams of Dissolved Oxygen per Liter à à 11mg DO/L
Naturally
– Organisms need oxygen bacteria, etc.=BOD
Culturally
- But if cultural impacts increases BOD...uh oh
Danger level - BELOW 5 mg DO/L
WORSE if cultural impacts are
unaware of each other
Dr. John Snow and London England
in the 1850’s------------------------à Broad Street Pump (p. 71
and 75)
POINT v. NONPOINT Issues
HOW DOES RECOVERY OCCUR OF
CULTURAL DAMAGE OF WATER RESOURCES?
LONDON and Chesapeake Bay
Snow &Tulane, Snow/UCLA & epidemiology JSI and CDC
H5N1
http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0510/feature1/index.html
- The
Dose Makes the Poison
- LD50
and LC50
- Threshold
Level
Part A
I.
SCIENCE >> POLICY >> ETHICS
THE GREEN REVOLUTION, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE and Toxicology
Sustainable Agriculture Techniques to minimize human
impacts during agricultural activities
V.
Green
Revolution – High yield agriculture.
Q.
What are some of the ingredients of a sustainable
agricultural system?
What are the arguments for going
to sustainable agriculture?
What does a farmer have to
change to convert from high-yield to sustainable “ag”?
“Down Under” Sustainable Farming
Oklahoma’s Kerr
Center
SAN
– Sustainable Agriculture Network
CROPS -
Organic Farming and Certified Organic Crops
Crops v. Landraces v. Cultivars…
Annual
Yields and Total Harvests
What are
some Infrastructure Issues?…
SOIL- Soil Husbandry, Fallow, Stubble Mulching, Soil Compaction,
Cover Crops and Shelterbelts
WATER -
Dryland Farming
Chemistry in Agriculture…
TOXICOLOGY
Page 156 and Dr.
Swann
Bioaccumulation
– In ONE species
Biomagnification
– Along the Food Web