ENV 101

Wednesday 18 February

ANWR, Costa Rica and The Chesapeake – “Cross Media 101”

Ø What’s Happening in ANWR, and in Costa Rica, and in “swamps” around the world?

Admin

· First Exam One on MONDAY and Exam Template on ENV 101 Home Page (or click here)

· Folks requested to redo First Project - Please hand in BOTH copies now.

· Oral Presentation?

· WHAT’S NEW AND GROOVY IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES?

Today

1) Discuss Costa Rica (C. 2) and Chesapeake Bay (C. 4) and link them to “The Land Ethic”

I. ETHICS – SCIENCE - SOCIETY

SAND COUNTY ALMANAC

II. ANWR

Polaris, ANWR and Forest Issues:

Biomes – and complexity

o Intra and Inter Biome

o Intra and Inter Species

o Chain v. Web Issues

ENERGY and trophic level transfers – delicate, complex, inefficient balance (but “natural” & never “Wasted/Lost”)

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9o.html

ANWR – & Tundra/Permafrost Natural impacts…and Human impacts

ANWR

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

§ What are some of the species (besides humans) that are part of ANWR?

§ What is “ten-oh-two” (or Section 1002)?

§ What are some of the other media (water, soil, air) issues that are part of the ANWR story?

§ Who are some of the actors (groups, individuals) involved in the determining what happens in ANWR?

Carbiou Calving Areas

TAPS

ISSUES & Actors IN ANWR

Other ANWR Caribou information

III. COSTA RICA - Tropical Forests

WATER ISSUES and SOIL ISSUES – More Cross Media Issues

What should be done with sensitive biomes and/or ecosystems?

Wilderness and Tropical Forests

Lowland Forest versus Upland Forest

Lowland Forests = Closed and Open

Closed – Tropical Rain and Tropical Moist Forests

Open – Tropical Dry Forests and Tree Plantations

Upland – Unclassified Forests - Clouds

WATER ISSUES and SOIL ISSUES - CROSS MEDIA!!

What should be done with sensitive biomes and/or ecosystems?

COSTA RICA

Syllabus on Costa Rica's Tropical Ecosystems

1. What are some of the other media (water, soil, air) issues that are part of the Costa Rican story?

2. How do these media issues blend together to impact tropical rain forests?

3. What are some of the Costa Rican species being impacted by human activity?

4. Who are some of the actors (groups, individuals) involved in the determining what happens in Costa Rica? COCORI Costa Rica-National Parks & Reserves Map

5. In what ways has Costa Rica dealt with their forests?

6. How would Aldo Leopold think about a fallen tree?

IV. ESTUARIES…

97

2

1>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 97

3 >>>>>>>>>> 0.03%

I. Neritic Environments – coastal environments(compare to pelagic)

97

What are some TYPES of Water Environments?

Oceans

Seas

Lakes

_________?

__________?

_________?

________?

II. ESTUARIES and Chesapeake Bay

Chesapeake Bay

Anadromous fish (Stay Salty , But Come to Bay to reproduce)

v.

Catadromous Fish (Stay Fresh, But Leave Bay to Reproduce)

and

Hydrophytic Plants(mmm H2o good! J)

and

Filter Feeders

and

Negative Feedback (Steady State)

and

Nutrients

and

Seagrasses

Epiphytes

Benthic nurseries and cover and food

III. Ingredients that water environments need to be healthy, or to have natural eutrophication (MISSISSIPPI)…OR to minimize cultural eutrophication (LONDON)?

Light

Oxygen (DO)

<2ppm Hypoxia……………………. DO=0 then anoxia

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Turbidity

- Above 1.0 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units)

Nutrients and Limiting Nutrients

Limiters

– Phosphorous in Fresh & Nitrogen in Marine

Salinity

Natural Impacts

Cultural (Human) Impacts

DO and BOD link – Water needs oxygen

(Not water, organisms in water)

O2 gas dissolving into water=Dissolved Oxygen

A Good Range – (Control) 8-14 or 7-11 milligrams of Dissolved Oxygen per Liter à à 11mg DO/L

Naturally – Organisms need oxygen bacteria, etc.=BOD

Culturally - But if cultural impacts increases BOD...uh oh

Danger level - BELOW 5 mg DO/L

WORSE if cultural impacts are unaware of each other

Dr. John Snow and London England in the 1850’s------------------------à Broad Street Pump (p. 71 and 75)

POINT v. NONPOINT Issues

HOW DOES RECOVERY OCCUR OF CULTURAL DAMAGE OF WATER RESOURCES?

US Ground Water

WHAT IMPACTS WATER QUALITY?

NATURAL and CULTURAL

Eutrophication - aging

WHAT IMPACTS THE BAY?

THE RESULTS – Crash! p. 94

WHAT TO DO?

Aquifers and Water Quality

Non Pelagic but Neritic Water Resources – Marine (Saltwater), Estuaries, Freshwater, Watersheds, Aquifers, Rivers, Lakes, Wetlands, Streams, Oceans.

HOW CAN WATER BE IMPROVED?

Water Treatment, Bubblers, Biomonitors

Aquifers and Water Quality

Types – Marine (Saltwater), Estuaries, Freshwater

Watersheds

US Ground Water

LONDON and Chesapeake Bay

Biomes – and complexity

o Intra and Inter Biome

o Intra and Inter Species

o Chain v. Web Issues

ENERGY and trophic level transfers – delicate, complex inefficient (but “natural”) balance

WATER ISSUES and SOIL ISSUES - CROSS MEDIA!!

What should be done with sensitive biomes and/or ecosystems?