16 October
Public Policy
Discussing Social Policy:
Health and Welfare Policy
Administrative Items for Class
Oral Presentation?
Announcements?
Policy Analysis DUE Next Tuesday (23 Oct). Questions?
Second Exam Tuesday 30 October !! Questions?
UT Baker Center - Extra Credit tonight!
What is "New & Groovy in Public Policy?"
THE PUBLIC POLICY TOOLKIT
Definitions - What is public policy?
Contexts - What information is needed when making policy?
Models - What are specific ways to analyze policy making?
Federalism - Recognizing Levels of Gov't & Tools Used
Variables - Cause (IND) and Effect (DEP)
Process - Stages of Public Policy
Data Conclusions "Filling In Gaps" and Policy Consistency
Policymaker Types and Lowi
Policy Actor Issues to Health and Welfare Policy
Organize the Sub Government (Find Actors)
Discover what issues/subtopics exist within the subgov't
Then begin to consider what contexts and/or models impact the subgov't OR could be a focus of study by a GOOD researcher...like yourselves!:-)
_______________________________________________
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POLICY ACTORS Official Primary and Supplementary Unofficial
|
LOWI's
Policy Types:
|
Strong Private Sector Orientation in Health Care = PRIVATE
Plus
Government - Public Policy Involvement (Entitlements)
Plus Integration of both PRIVATE and Public = A hyBRID
PRIV-BRID
Evaluating
Health Care
HOW DOES A NATION
EVALUATE GOOD HEALTH CARE?
HMO
Who are some Health Policy Subsystem (PRIV-BRID) Actors?
Linking Health with Welfare
POLICIES ARE RARELY IMPLEMENTED SEPARATE
FROM OTHER POLICIES
First - More Priv-Brid from Churches and Family to Gov't involvement
Second - How do you define "in need?" Poor? Bad Luck? Race or Gender?
Third - If the latter - then the rights issues from earlier get involved
Old/Continuing minorities - African American
New Minorities - Women, Children, Sexual Orientation, Disability, Widow(er)s
Questions
What is poverty? What causes poverty?
What policies should be created to deal with poverty? By whom?
What welfare policies are under stress? Why? What should be done
Is
health policy defined best by healthy Americans? By universal access
to health care?
"I don't
want to abolish government. I simply want to reduce it to the size where I can
drag it into the bathroom and drown it in the bathtub."
- Grover Norquist
WELFARE
Poverty in America
Who
are the Poor?
Feminization of Poverty and Child Poverty
Complexities in Data
How do we decide how "poor" is officially poor (below the poverty line?) (Inc, Asts)
Current Welfare and
Health Policies
Medicaid
Medicare
Unemployment
What do the poor need - Resources or Opportunities?
Reform
1996 – FEDERALISM
WRIT LARGE!
AFDC now becomes PRWORA
Actors in the "Welfare Policy Sub Government" Official? Unofficial?
$19,806 OR Income distribution OR Assets OR race/gender/ age (cdf.org)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient
| Table 1. Population of Children Under Age 18, in Poverty and in Selected Household Relationships | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | 266,218,000 | Population of Poor | 36,529,000 | (13.7%) |
| Total Population Under 18 | 70,650,000 | Population of Poor Under 18 | 14,463,000 | (20.5%) |
| Total Population of Males Under 18 |
36,199,000 | Population of Poor Males Under 18 |
7,248,000 | (20.0%) |
| White | 28,573,000 | White | 4,593,000 | (16.1%) |
| Black | 5,724,000 | Black | 2,192,000 | (38.3%) |
| Other | 1,902,000 | Other | 463,000 | (24.3% |
| http://www.nccp.org/ AND | ||||
Source: Poverty Fact Sheet Series - Poverty Facts About Children HYG-5704-98
Research suggests that, on average, families need an income of about twice the federal poverty level to meet their most basic needs. Children living in families with incomes below this level—$40,000 for a family of four in 2006—are referred to as low income. The United States measures poverty by an outdated standard developed in the 1960s. [More detail...]
Children in Tennessee, by Income Level
In Tennessee, there are 858,044 families, with 1,383,323 children.
Low-Income Children: 42% (575,552) of children live in low-income families (National: 39%), defined as income below 200% of the federal poverty level.
http://www.nccp.org/state_detail_demographic_low_income_TN.html
Children in Tennessee, by Income Level
In Tennessee, there are 858,044 families, with 1,383,323 children.
Poor Children: 19% (269,525) of children live in poor families (National: 18%), defined as income below 100% of the federal poverty level.
http://www.childrensdefense.org/site/PageServer
OTHERS? _________________________________
SSI
Social
Security
one in six Americans receives monthly Social Security benefits http://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/briefhistory.html
President Bush and Vice President Cheney have told audiences that Social Security faces an $11 trillion shortfall if nothing is done to fix the current system. But they fail to mention that this is over the course of the “infinite future." Over the next 75 years -- still practically a lifetime -- the shortfall is projected to be $3.7 trillion.
The "infinite" projection is one that the American Academy of Actuaries says is likely to mislead the public into thinking the system "is in far worse financial condition than is actually indicated," and therefore should not be used to explain the long-term outlook.
http://www.factcheck.org/article302.html
Elderly Politics - AARP
http://www.aarp.org/research/assistance/entitlement/aresearch-import-398-INB58.html
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2006/outlook.html
Social Security Deficit and Payroll Taxes
The percent of taxable payroll is the portion of an employee’s payroll tax that goes toward Social Security and is currently set at the rate of 12.4 percent, half of which is paid by the employer and the other half by employee. Over 75 years, the Trustees estimate the actuarial deficit is 1.8 percent of taxable payroll. This means that for the system to be completely solvent over the next 75 years, without adjusting benefits, payroll taxes would have to go up to 14.2 percent immediately. And to be solvent for the "infinite future," the $10.4 trillion shortfall equals 3.5 percent of taxable payroll, or a tax increase to15.9 percent of wages.
Health Data-Healthlinks
Old v. New
Elites and Masses
New players - Women's Health - A subset of gender equality...
GENDER EQUALITY
“Equality
of Rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any state on account of sex.”
Rights and
Economics
Work Force and
the Earnings Gap ($0.76 v. $1.00)
not direct but cultural
“White”
“Pink” and “Blue” collar jobs…REALLY?
THE GLASS
CEILING and COMPARABLE WORTH
EDUCATION POLICY
HISTORY
Local Control of Education
Increasing Federalism Issues (State and National Govt)
INCREASING COMPLEXITY as culture demands greater amount of and access to education 3Rs ----K-16 and beyond (Grade 24)
Actors
Parents/Citizens
Teachers/Professional
Educators
Teachers’
Unions
Voters
and Taxpayers
School
Boards
Racial
and Religious Groups
Federalism
and Government
National
(Dept of Educ)
State Educ Departments
Local Governments -
Others
Increasing Economic, Ideological and Cultural Context burden system
The Whole Student
Funding complex education goals.
Financing
Local and Property Tax Based v. Income Tax or other revenue streams
ISSUES
The
culture of Education (and Educators) in America…(v. Japan)
Testing
and Scoring – Grade School Tracking through to the SAT
Teaching Values in Education
Religion
in Schools – Separation of Church and State…or?
Establishment
Clause in First Amendment
Lemon
Test
Race
in Schools
Teacher
Competency – Standards and Pay
Attendance
in Schools
International
Comparisons
School
Choices (Type and Payment)
Ø
TYPE
o
Charter
o
Magnet
o
Private/Parochial
o
Montessori
Ø
PAYMENT
o
Vouchers
o
Revenue –Sharing
_____________________________________________
ABORTION
1965
- Griswold v. CT
1971
- Roe v. Wade
1989
- Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
1992 - Planned
Parenthood of PA v. Casey
Tuesday - Partial Birth Abortion Ban Legitimated in Senate - Prez Bush to sign
Sexual Harassment - Acts or a "hostile work environment"
1.
The British Social Welfare system Good Starts.____________
2. Burger King recalling (ON ITS OWN) the child toys in its Kids Meals because of a choking hazard. __________________
3. Burger Kings being forced to recall the toys by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). ______________
4.
State of Tennessee funding to build the extension to Interstate 140 into the
Smoky Mountains, connecting onto 321 between Maryville and Walland, TN. ___
5.
US Congressional
funding of school aid to rural Tennessee.
_____________________
6. The US Social Security system. ____________________________
7. The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) code of ethics for instructors in higher education._______
President Bush signs into law the Corporate Tax Credit bill, and consults with the Secretary of the Treasury about the revenue implications of this bill, and then speaks with reporters from CNN and FOX News on the campaign trail in Ohio about how this bill will impact the election.
8. Official Primary _____________
9. Official Supplementary ______________
10. Unofficial __________________________
WHAT KIND OF ACTORS ARE THESE INSTITUTIONS?
http://www.centrists.org